/** @file   bits.h
    @author M. P. Hayes, UCECE
    @date   15 May 2007
    @brief  Macros for manipulating bit fields.
*/
#ifndef BITS_H
#define BITS_H

#define BITS_MASK(first, last) ((1 << ((last) + 1)) - (1 << (first)))

#define BITS_CLEAR(reg, first, last) ((reg) &= BITS_MASK (first, last))

#define BITS_SET(reg, first, last) ((reg) |= BITS_MASK (first, last))

#define BITS_EXTRACT(reg, first, last) \
    (((reg) & BITS_MASK (first, last)) >> (first))

#define BITS_INSERT(reg, val, first, last) \
    (reg) = ((reg) & ~BITS_MASK (first, last))  \
        | (((val) & BITS_MASK (0, last - first)) << (first))

#endif